{"id":78048,"date":"2024-04-08T14:00:59","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T12:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/?p=78048"},"modified":"2026-04-08T10:59:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T08:59:22","slug":"uklady-regulacji-automatycznej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/uklady-regulacji-automatycznej\/","title":{"rendered":"Uk\u0142ady regulacji automatycznej"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Czas czytania:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"78048\" class=\"elementor elementor-78048\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-674e52d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"674e52d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c110b21\" data-id=\"c110b21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b83039 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b83039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Uk\u0142ady regulacji automatycznej<\/strong> s\u0105 szeroko stosowane we wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych systemach automatyzacji i robotyzacji proces\u00f3w produkcyjnych. Ich celem jest utrzymanie okre\u015blonych parametr\u00f3w lub warto\u015bci w systemie, takich jak temperatura, ci\u015bnienie czy poziom. Uk\u0142ady regulacji automatycznej dzia\u0142aj\u0105 bez potrzeby ingerencji cz\u0142owieka, co pozwala na oszcz\u0119dno\u015b\u0107 czasu i zasob\u00f3w. S\u0105 one zazwyczaj oparte na z g\u00f3ry okre\u015blonych algorytmach regulacji, kt\u00f3re steruj\u0105 procesem w spos\u00f3b optymalny. Autor skupi si\u0119 na podstawowych cz\u0142onach uk\u0142ad\u00f3w automatycznej regulacji, z kt\u00f3rych buduje si\u0119 rzeczywiste uk\u0142ady regulacji przez \u0142\u0105czenie wybranych cz\u0142on\u00f3w oraz dobieranie ich parametr\u00f3w pod k\u0105tem w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci danego obiektu regulacji.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c898c68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c898c68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Automatyczna regulacja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edede37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edede37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zadaniem <strong>techniki regulacji<\/strong> jest utrzymywanie wybranych warto\u015bci wielko\u015bci regulowanej. Regulacja polega na takim oddzia\u0142ywaniu na obiekt regulacji, aby utrzyma\u0107 zadan\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 wielko\u015bci regulowanej lub zapewni\u0107 okre\u015blony charakter zmian warto\u015bci tej wielko\u015bci. Uk\u0142ad automatycznej regulacji mo\u017ce by\u0107 przedstawiony w postaci otwartej lub jako uk\u0142ad ze sprz\u0119\u017ceniem zwrotnym, co oznacza, \u017ce informacja o r\u00f3\u017cnicy pomi\u0119dzy warto\u015bci\u0105 zadan\u0105 wielko\u015bci regulowanej a jej warto\u015bci\u0105 rzeczywist\u0105 jest wykorzystywana do wyeliminowania tej r\u00f3\u017cnicy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0699291 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0699291\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNTAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzEuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78050\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1.jpg 905w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-300x49.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-768x125.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Uk\u0142ad otwarty automatyki regulacyjnej.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7d6be4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c7d6be4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2da5f43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2da5f43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNTQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzIuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2-1024x334.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78054\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2-1024x334.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2-300x98.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2-768x251.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2.jpg 1036w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Uk\u0142ad zamkni\u0119ty z sprz\u0119\u017ceniem zwrotnym automatyki regulacyjnej.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-785ede8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"785ede8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W uk\u0142adzie regulacji automatycznej dokonuje si\u0119 pomiaru warto\u015bci wielko\u015bci regulowanej x(t) za pomoc\u0105 odpowiedniego przetwornika pomiarowego. Powstaje w ten spos\u00f3b sygna\u0142 x\u2019(t), b\u0119d\u0105cy miar\u0105 warto\u015bci wielko\u015bci regulowanej. Nast\u0119pnie wylicza si\u0119 warto\u015b\u0107 odchy\u0142ki regulacji e(t) jako r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119 mi\u0119dzy warto\u015bci\u0105 zadan\u0105 wielko\u015bci regulowanej w(t) a jej warto\u015bci\u0105 rzeczywist\u0105: e(t) = w(t) \u2013 x\u2019(t).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eff132 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2eff132\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podzia\u0142 uk\u0142ad\u00f3w regulacji automatycznej<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77da9ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77da9ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Uk\u0142ady regulacji automatycznej mo\u017cna podzieli\u0107 na:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>sta\u0142owarto\u015bciowe<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0 istot\u0105 jest utrzymanie sta\u0142ej w czasie warto\u015bci wielko\u015bci regulowanej pomimo dzia\u0142aj\u0105cych na uk\u0142ad zak\u0142\u00f3ce\u0144,<\/li><li><strong>nad\u0105\u017cne<\/strong> (\u015bledz\u0105ce) &#8211; istot\u0105 ich jest to, \u017ce regulator powinien w taki spos\u00f3b oddzia\u0142ywa\u0107 na obiekt regulacji, aby wielko\u015b\u0107 regulowana zmienia\u0142a si\u0119 w zadany spos\u00f3b.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be577d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be577d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Inny podzia\u0142 uk\u0142ad\u00f3w regulacji ze wzgl\u0119du na rodzaj sygna\u0142u reguluj\u0105cego to:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>ci\u0105g\u0142e<\/strong> (analogowe), w kt\u00f3rych sygna\u0142 reguluj\u0105cy mo\u017ce przyjmowa\u0107 dowoln\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 z okre\u015blonego zakresu,<\/li><li><strong>binarne<\/strong>, w kt\u00f3rych sygna\u0142 reguluj\u0105cy mo\u017ce przyjmowa\u0107 jedn\u0105 z dw\u00f3ch mo\u017cliwych warto\u015bci,<\/li><li><strong>dyskretne<\/strong>, w kt\u00f3rych sygna\u0142 reguluj\u0105cy mo\u017ce przyjmowa\u0107 jedn\u0105 z warto\u015bci nale\u017c\u0105cych do sko\u0144czonego zbioru.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f799815 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f799815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>W\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci uk\u0142ad\u00f3w automatycznej regulacji opisuje si\u0119 za pomoc\u0105:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>odpowiedzi skokowej uk\u0142adu regulacji<\/strong> &#8211; to graficzne przedstawienie jego reakcji na wymuszenie skokowe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>charakterystyk cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bciowych<\/strong> &#8211;&nbsp; to graficzny obraz przedstawiaj\u0105cy reakcj\u0119 regulatora na wymuszenie sinusoidalne w zale\u017cno\u015bci od jego cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci. Z regu\u0142y rysuje si\u0119 dwie charakterystyki cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bciowe:&nbsp;<strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">amplitudow\u0105<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\"> jako wykres zale\u017cno\u015bci modu\u0142u transmitancji regulatora (stosunek amplitudy sygna\u0142u na wej\u015bciu regulatora do amplitudy sygna\u0142u na jego wyj\u015bciu) od cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego oraz&nbsp;<\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">fazow\u0105<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\"> jako zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 argumentu transmitancji (przesuni\u0119cie fazowe mi\u0119dzy sygna\u0142em na wyj\u015bciu regulatora a sygna\u0142em na jego wej\u015bciu) regulatora od cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98e382c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98e382c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cz\u0142ony uk\u0142ad\u00f3w automatycznej regulacji<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a9211e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a9211e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najcz\u0119\u015bciej uk\u0142ady automatycznej regulacji s\u0105 zbudowane z nast\u0119puj\u0105cych cz\u0142on\u00f3w:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>proporcjonalnego<\/strong>, kt\u00f3ry charakteryzuje si\u0119 tym, \u017ce sygna\u0142 na jego wyj\u015bciu y(t) jest proporcjonalny do warto\u015bci sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego e(t), kt\u00f3ry stanowi odchy\u0142ka regulacji.&nbsp; Zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego od sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego jest okre\u015blona w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-044cc09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"044cc09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>y(t) = Kp\u00b7e(t)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8fc62c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8fc62c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-271f6e4\" data-id=\"271f6e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb5d3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eb5d3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Symbol<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed5b07b\" data-id=\"ed5b07b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-712c250 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"712c250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"3\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNTgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzMuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"121\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78058\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-de1a534 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de1a534\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c40eab6\" data-id=\"c40eab6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93748fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93748fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-053f215\" data-id=\"053f215\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-835d2bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"835d2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"3a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNjIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzNhLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78062\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ed9165 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7ed9165\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-569e6ed\" data-id=\"569e6ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24480c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c24480c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Odpowied\u017a skokowa na wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9737528\" data-id=\"9737528\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8c519c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c8c519c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3b.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"3b\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNjYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzNiLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78066\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b56e424 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b56e424\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Informacje:\u00a0<\/strong>Cz\u0142on proporcjonalny jest cz\u0142onem bezinercyjnym. W rzeczywisto\u015bci jednak ka\u017cdy cz\u0142on proporcjonalny na zmian\u0119 sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego reaguje z pewnym op\u00f3\u017anieniem. Idealny cz\u0142on proporcjonalny charakteryzuje si\u0119 sta\u0142\u0105 warto\u015bci\u0105 wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnika proporcjonalno\u015bci Kp, niezale\u017cn\u0105 od cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci wymuszenia sinusoidalnego, oraz brakiem\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">przesuni\u0119cia fazowego mi\u0119dzy sygna\u0142em na wyj\u015bciu regulatora a sygna\u0142em na jego wej\u015bciu. Odpowiedzi\u0105 cz\u0142onu proporcjonalnego na wymuszenie sinusoidalne\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">jest sygna\u0142 sinusoidalny o takiej samej cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci, r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105cy si\u0119 jedynie amplitud\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b316ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b316ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>inercyjnego pierwszego i drugiego rz\u0119du<\/strong>, kt\u00f3ry charakteryzuje si\u0119 tym, \u017ce sygna\u0142 na jego wyj\u015bciu y(t) jest proporcjonalny do sygna\u0142u wymuszaj\u0105cego e(t) dopiero po pewnym czasie. Zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego od sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego jest okre\u015blona w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6643ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f6643ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"4\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNzAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzQuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"161\" height=\"41\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78070\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Kp - wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnik proporcjonalno\u015bci, e \u03b9 - sta\u0142a czasowa.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e29a31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3e29a31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8005076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8005076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Cz\u0142on inercyjny pierwszego rz\u0119du<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d740a41 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d740a41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6c7f931 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6c7f931\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-28e690e\" data-id=\"28e690e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3788eb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3788eb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Symbol<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c552d3\" data-id=\"6c552d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a22a267 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a22a267\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4a.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"4a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNzQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzRhLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"254\" height=\"119\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4a.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78074\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4d140c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f4d140c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad52eab\" data-id=\"ad52eab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5022f13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5022f13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9d520d\" data-id=\"a9d520d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aad6b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1aad6b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"3a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNzgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzNhLTEuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78078\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-55e8d62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55e8d62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-97722da\" data-id=\"97722da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb0e7be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb0e7be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Odpowied\u017a skokowa na wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-28cf4be\" data-id=\"28cf4be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-041db2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"041db2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4b.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"4b\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwODIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzRiLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"301\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78082\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f9dc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8f9dc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Informacje:<\/strong>&nbsp;Sta\u0142a czasowa cz\u0142onu inercyjnego pierwszego rz\u0119du decyduje o bezw\u0142adno\u015bci regulatora, czyli o tym, jak szybko sygna\u0142 na jego wyj\u015bciu zaczyna by\u0107 proporcjonalny do sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego. W praktyce przyjmuje si\u0119, \u017ce regulator inercyjny pierwszego rz\u0119du staje si\u0119 regulatorem proporcjonalnym po czasie r\u00f3wnym trzem sta\u0142ym czasowym. Sygna\u0142 na wyj\u015bcie <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">przyjmuje w\u00f3wczas warto\u015b\u0107 r\u00f3wn\u0105 ok. 95% warto\u015bci Kp e(t). Odpowiedzi\u0105 na wymuszenie sinusoidalne jest&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">sygna\u0142 sinusoidalny o takiej samej cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci, r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105cy si\u0119 od sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego amplitud\u0105&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">oraz faz\u0105 pocz\u0105tkow\u0105. Wraz ze wzrostem cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci amplituda sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego zmniejsza si\u0119, gdy\u017c bezw\u0142adno\u015b\u0107 sprawia, \u017ce sygna\u0142 wyj\u015bciowy nie nad\u0105\u017ca za szybkimi zmianami sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego. Cz\u0142on inercyjny pierwszego rz\u0119du zachowuje si\u0119 jak filtr&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">dolnoprzepustowy.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad8c91a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad8c91a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9f2ae6\" data-id=\"f9f2ae6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-871a6ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"871a6ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Symbol cz\u0142onu inercyjnego drugiego rz\u0119du<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0861f14\" data-id=\"0861f14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-017c267 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"017c267\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4c.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"4c\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwODYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzRjLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"301\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4c.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78086\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4100c2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4100c2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>ca\u0142kuj\u0105cy<\/strong> &#8211; Zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego od sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego okre\u015blona w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a620a67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a620a67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/5.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"5\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwOTAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzUuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"223\" height=\"56\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78090\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">gdzie: Ki  - wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnik wzmocnienia ca\u0142kowitego, Ti- sta\u0142a czasowa ca\u0142kowita.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b52f7a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b52f7a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff8de71\" data-id=\"ff8de71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2d2aaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2d2aaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Symbol<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6091c32\" data-id=\"6091c32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-803d7ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"803d7ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/SHBfwfIWrd.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SHBfwfIWrd\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwOTQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcL1NIQmZ3ZklXcmQucG5nIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"285\" height=\"138\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/SHBfwfIWrd.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78094\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c869bfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c869bfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5f5da2\" data-id=\"b5f5da2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5267a68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5267a68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c224e5a\" data-id=\"c224e5a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37dcffc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"37dcffc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"3a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNzgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzNhLTEuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78078\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9092b5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9092b5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fbffd7\" data-id=\"7fbffd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bafbdba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bafbdba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Odpowied\u017a skokowa na wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-88aa26e\" data-id=\"88aa26e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-835d433 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"835d433\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cq9mSbP0Iq.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"cq9mSbP0Iq\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwOTgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcL2NxOW1TYlAwSXEucG5nIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"233\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cq9mSbP0Iq.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78098\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65e73bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65e73bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Informacje:\u00a0<\/strong>Sta\u0142a czasowa ca\u0142kowania Ti jest czasem, po kt\u00f3rym sygna\u0142 na wyj\u015bciu regulatora ca\u0142kowego osi\u0105ga warto\u015b\u0107 wymuszenia skokowego. Sygna\u0142 odpowiedzi to sygna\u0142 liniowo narastaj\u0105cy zgodnie z definicji ca\u0142ki. W miar\u0119 up\u0142ywu czasu zwi\u0119ksza si\u0119 liniowo pole pod wykresem funkcji e(t), dlatego odpowied\u017a skokowa przebiega w okre\u015blony spos\u00f3b. Pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 narastania sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego y(t) jest odwrotnie proporcjonalna do sta\u0142ej\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">czasowej ca\u0142kowania. Odpowiedzi\u0105 cz\u0142onu ca\u0142kuj\u0105cego na wymuszenie sinusoidalne jest sygna\u0142 sinusoidalny\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">o takiej samej cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci, przy czym dla ma\u0142ych cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego amplituda sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego jest wi\u0119ksza od amplitudy sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego, natomiast wraz ze wzrostem cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci wymuszenia obni\u017ca si\u0119 amplituda sygna\u0142u na wyj\u015bciu.\u00a0<\/span>Regulator ca\u0142kuj\u0105cy zachowuje si\u0119 jak filtr dolnoprzepustowy.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b292a9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b292a9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>r\u00f3\u017cniczkuj\u0105cy<\/strong>, kt\u00f3ry charakteryzuje si\u0119 tym, \u017ce sygna\u0142 na jego wyj\u015bciu jest\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">proporcjonalny do pochodnej (r\u00f3\u017cniczki) sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego. Przez pochodn\u0105 rozumie\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">si\u0119 pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 narastania b\u0105d\u017a opadania sygna\u0142u, a wi\u0119c stromo\u015b\u0107 jego przebiegu. Zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego od sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego jest okre\u015blona w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b6be22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b6be22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/6.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"6\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMDIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzYuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"123\" height=\"63\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/6.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78102\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce67d10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ce67d10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cdc153c\" data-id=\"cdc153c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c429e96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c429e96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Symbol<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-35c0878\" data-id=\"35c0878\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb29431 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fb29431\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bTcpSb6aJh.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"bTcpSb6aJh\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMDYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcL2JUY3BTYjZhSmgucG5nIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"217\" height=\"88\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/bTcpSb6aJh.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78106\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a3e1571 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a3e1571\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cbb7165\" data-id=\"cbb7165\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e1335 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71e1335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea53dcc\" data-id=\"ea53dcc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789c25d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"789c25d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"3a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwNzgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzNhLTEuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78078\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-aabc41b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aabc41b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba56778\" data-id=\"ba56778\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17fb2e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17fb2e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Odpowied\u017a skokowa na wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e319c6\" data-id=\"2e319c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-885578d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"885578d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/5b.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"5b\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMTAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzViLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"324\" height=\"143\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/5b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78110\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/5b.jpg 324w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/5b-300x132.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e776b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37e776b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Informacje:<\/strong>\u00a0Odpowiedzi\u0105 cz\u0142onu r\u00f3\u017cniczkuj\u0105cego na wymuszenie skokowe jest impuls pojawiaj\u0105cy si\u0119 w chwili skokowej zmiany wymuszenia. Gdyby sygna\u0142 wej\u015bciowy narasta\u0142\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">idealnie skokowo, czyli czas jego narastania by\u0142by r\u00f3wny 0, to na wyj\u015bciu idealnego cz\u0142onu r\u00f3\u017cniczkuj\u0105cego pojawi\u0142by si\u0119 impuls o niesko\u0144czenie du\u017cej amplitudzie oraz o zerowym czasie trwania. Dla ma\u0142ych cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego amplituda sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego jest\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">mniejsza od amplitudy sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego, natomiast wraz ze wzrostem cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci wymuszenia amplituda sygna\u0142u na wyj\u015bciu wzrasta. Regulator r\u00f3\u017cniczkuj\u0105cy zachowuje si\u0119 jak filtr g\u00f3rnoprzepustowy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c4988c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c4988c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>op\u00f3\u017aniaj\u0105cy<\/strong> &#8211; zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego od sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego jest wi\u0119c okre\u015blona w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-465c8bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"465c8bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/7.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"7\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMTQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzcuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"143\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/7.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78114\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-947d404 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"947d404\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a36f30e\" data-id=\"a36f30e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-614af81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"614af81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Symbol<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29f6ae7\" data-id=\"29f6ae7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9e8663 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d9e8663\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/6a.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"6a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMTgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzZhLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"277\" height=\"97\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/6a.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78118\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d7739a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d7739a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4fa4711\" data-id=\"4fa4711\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03cd828 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03cd828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cbcbb3\" data-id=\"0cbcbb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-989fb7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"989fb7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a-2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"3a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMjIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzNhLTIuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/3a-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78122\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-86a520a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86a520a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-00e7839\" data-id=\"00e7839\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da5e438 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da5e438\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Odpowied\u017a skokowa na wymuszenie jednostkowe<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cfb77f0\" data-id=\"cfb77f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fd46c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1fd46c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/6b.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"6b\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMjYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzZiLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"302\" height=\"172\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/6b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78126\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/6b.jpg 302w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/6b-300x171.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0daca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc0daca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Informacje:<\/strong>\u00a0Odpowiedzi\u0105 cz\u0142onu op\u00f3\u017aniaj\u0105cego na wymuszenie skokowe jest skokowa zmiana warto\u015bci sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego, pojawiaj\u0105ca si\u0119 z okre\u015blonym op\u00f3\u017anieniem, przy czym warto\u015bci skoku sygna\u0142u wyj\u015bciowego i wymuszenia s\u0105 takie same.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Odpowiedzi\u0105 cz\u0142onu op\u00f3\u017aniaj\u0105cego na wymuszenie sinusoidalne jest sygna\u0142 sinusoidalny o takiej samej cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci oraz amplitudzie, a op\u00f3\u017aniony wzgl\u0119dem wymuszenia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf72895 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf72895\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0141\u0105czenie cz\u0142on\u00f3w uk\u0142ad\u00f3w automatycznej regulacji<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e6726 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e6726\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W rzeczywistych rozwi\u0105zaniach uk\u0142ady regulacji automatycznej s\u0105 zbudowane z kilku wybranych cz\u0142on\u00f3w. Cz\u0142ony uk\u0142ad\u00f3w automatycznej regulacji mo\u017cna ze sob\u0105 \u0142\u0105czy\u0107 w spos\u00f3b szeregowy lub r\u00f3wnoleg\u0142y. Mo\u017cliwe jest ponadto umieszczenie jednego lub kilku cz\u0142on\u00f3w w p\u0119tli sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego.\u00a0<\/p><ul><li><strong>po\u0142\u0105czenie szeregowe <\/strong>&#8211; sygna\u0142 z wyj\u015bcia cz\u0142onu poprzedniego jest podawany na wej\u015bcie cz\u0142onu nast\u0119pnego (ka\u017cdy z cz\u0142on\u00f3w ma swoje wzmocnienie Kp1, Kp2 itp).\u00a0 Zast\u0119pcza warto\u015b\u0107 wzmocnienia Kp stanowi iloczyn\u00a0 wzmocnie\u0144 poszczeg\u00f3lnych cz\u0142on\u00f3w.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-872ee6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"872ee6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"8\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMzAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzguanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"517\" height=\"148\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78130\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8.jpg 517w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8-300x86.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c901e6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c901e6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>po\u0142\u0105czenie r\u00f3wnoleg\u0142e<\/strong> &#8211; sygna\u0142 wej\u015bciowy jest podawany jednocze\u015bnie na wej\u015bcia poszczeg\u00f3lnych cz\u0142on\u00f3w. Sygna\u0142 wyj\u015bciowy regulatora zbudowanego z kilku po\u0142\u0105czonych r\u00f3wnolegle cz\u0142on\u00f3w ( ka\u017cdy z cz\u0142on\u00f3w ma swoje wzmocnienie Kp1, Kp2 itp) stanowi sum\u0119 sygna\u0142\u00f3w wyj\u015bciowych poszczeg\u00f3lnych cz\u0142on\u00f3w.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9a8c14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9a8c14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8a.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"8a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxMzQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmNvbS5wbFwvYmxvZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzhhLmpwZyJ9\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"438\" height=\"253\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8a.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78134\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8a.jpg 438w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8a-300x173.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d452642 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d452642\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na podstawie po\u0142\u0105czenia cz\u0142on\u00f3w mo\u017cna budowa\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnego rodzaju regulatory &#8211; proporcjonalne, proporcjonalno &#8211; r\u00f3\u017cniczkuj\u0105ce, proporcjonalno &#8211; ca\u0142kuj\u0105ce oraz proporcjonalno &#8211; r\u00f3\u017cniczkuj\u0105ce &#8211; ca\u0142kuj\u0105ce. Ze wzgl\u0119du na z\u0142o\u017cono\u015b\u0107 opisu tych regulator\u00f3w i w opinii autora o\u00a0 potrzebie poruszenia zagadnie\u0144 zwi\u0105zanych z stabilno\u015bci\u0105 uk\u0142ad\u00f3w regulacji automatycznej oraz doboru nastaw regulator\u00f3w tematy te zostan\u0105 om\u00f3wione w innym opracowaniu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uk\u0142ady regulacji automatycznej s\u0105 szeroko stosowane we wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych systemach automatyzacji i robotyzacji proces\u00f3w produkcyjnych. Ich celem jest utrzymanie okre\u015blonych parametr\u00f3w lub warto\u015bci w systemie, takich jak temperatura, ci\u015bnienie czy poziom. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":78144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,179],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika","category-kompendium"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Uk\u0142ady regulacji automatycznej - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uk\u0142ady regulacji automatycznej s\u0105 szeroko stosowane we wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych systemach automatyzacji i robotyzacji proces\u00f3w produkcyjnych. 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