{"id":32003,"date":"2022-02-18T08:00:40","date_gmt":"2022-02-18T07:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/?p=32003"},"modified":"2025-01-15T11:00:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:00:12","slug":"jakie-rodzaje-zmiennych-w-arduino-mamy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/jakie-rodzaje-zmiennych-w-arduino-mamy\/","title":{"rendered":"Jakie rodzaje zmiennych mamy w Arduino?"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Czas czytania:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"32003\" class=\"elementor elementor-32003\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-011df04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"011df04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c52aec\" data-id=\"5c52aec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40b3418 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40b3418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zmienne w Arduino<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-acb2ae6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"acb2ae6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d277b07\" data-id=\"d277b07\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a92e42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a92e42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W programowaniu bardzo istotny jest typ deklarowanych zmiennych. Od niego zale\u017cy poprawno\u015b\u0107 kodu, a tak\u017ce mo\u017cliwo\u015bci danej zmiennej i np. dok\u0142adno\u015b\u0107 oblicze\u0144 w napisanym przez nas programie. W tym artykule przedstawiono typy zmiennych u\u017cywanych w programowaniu w \u015brodowisku Arduino IDE.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99dffcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99dffcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"blog-special\"><strong>Zakres int<\/strong> &#8211; rejestr 32-bitowy (4-bajtowy) w komputerze przechowuje liczby ca\u0142kowite ze znakiem, w zakresie od -2 147 483 648 do 2 147 483 647.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e60d55f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e60d55f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-839e15d\" data-id=\"839e15d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d2a76c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d2a76c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Programowanie komputer\u00f3w z u\u017cyciem zmiennych<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ef67b3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ef67b3b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e28fa59\" data-id=\"e28fa59\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ece4e7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ece4e7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Komputery, w tym miniaturowe platformy do prototypowania jak np. Arduino, wykonuj\u0105 obliczenia i operacje logiczne za pomoc\u0105 procesora. Sercem procesora i mikrokontrolera, jest jednostka arytmetyczno-logiczna (ALU), kt\u00f3ra\u00a0<b>wykonuje proste operacje na lokalizacjach w pami\u0119ci<\/b>, np. dodawanie, odejmowanie i iloczyn logiczny. Jednostka arytmetyczno-logiczna nie rozpoznaje co te dane reprezentuj\u0105, nawet pomimo wiedzy projektanta lub u\u017cytkownika docelowego. Dane poddawane operacjom arytmetyczno-logicznym, s\u0105 potrzebne w wykonywaniu oblicze\u0144 na liczbach <b>ca\u0142kowitych jak i zmiennoprzecinkowych<\/b>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f220ba9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f220ba9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c558907\" data-id=\"c558907\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a5bcbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7a5bcbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/piqsels.com-id-svhda-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-32271\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/piqsels.com-id-svhda-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/piqsels.com-id-svhda-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/piqsels.com-id-svhda-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/piqsels.com-id-svhda-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/piqsels.com-id-svhda-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3bc1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3bc1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f62f8be\" data-id=\"f62f8be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fc4325 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fc4325\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Ca\u0142y kontekst dla tych operacji pochodzi z kompilatora<\/b><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, a wskaz\u00f3wki dotycz\u0105ce kontekstu trafiaj\u0105 do kompilatora od u\u017cytkownika. Natomiast zadaniem programisty, jest przekazanie kompilatorowi, kt\u00f3ra z warto\u015bci pobieranych do oblicze\u0144 jest liczb\u0105 ca\u0142kowit\u0105, a kt\u00f3ra jest liczb\u0105 zmiennoprzecinkow\u0105. Kompilator musi wi\u0119c zrozumie\u0107 co mamy na my\u015bli, kiedy chcemy przyk\u0142adowo zsumowa\u0107 ze sob\u0105 dwie liczby &#8211; jedn\u0105 ca\u0142kowit\u0105, a drug\u0105 &#8211; zmiennoprzecinkow\u0105. W jednych przypadkach jest to prosta czynno\u015b\u0107, a w innych ju\u017c nie. Ten z pozoru prosty proces, jest <\/span><b style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">bardziej z\u0142o\u017cony ni\u017c si\u0119 to mo\u017ce wydawa\u0107<\/b><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">, szczeg\u00f3lnie patrz\u0105c na to przez pryzmat wykonywania tych oblicze\u0144 bezpo\u015brednio przez cz\u0142owieka na kartce lub w pami\u0119ci. Z tego wzgl\u0119du, wprowadzaj\u0105c dane liczbowe do programu, <\/span><b style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">niezb\u0119dne jest okre\u015blenie typu zmiennej<\/b><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> przyporz\u0105dkowanej do tego argumentu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1096095 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1096095\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f89ab8c\" data-id=\"f89ab8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-866c6a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"866c6a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arduino - typy zmiennych<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-adb2dbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"adb2dbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef60e98\" data-id=\"ef60e98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aed3335 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aed3335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typy zmiennych <b>s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 do identyfikacji typ\u00f3w danych<\/b> i zwi\u0105zanych z nimi funkcji do obs\u0142ugi danych. Okre\u015blanie ich s\u0142u\u017cy do deklarowania funkcji i zmiennych, kt\u00f3re okre\u015blaj\u0105 wzorzec bitowy i przestrze\u0144 pami\u0119ci.<\/p><p>W \u015brodowisku programowania Arduino IDE, s\u0105 wykorzystywane nast\u0119puj\u0105ce typy zmiennych, kt\u00f3re om\u00f3wimy na przyk\u0142adach:<\/p><ul><li><code>void<\/code><\/li><li><code>int<\/code><\/li><li><code>char<\/code><\/li><li><code>float<\/code><\/li><li><code>double<\/code><\/li><li><code>unsigned int<\/code><\/li><li><code>short<\/code><\/li><li><code>long<\/code><\/li><li><code>unsigned long<\/code><\/li><li><code>byte<\/code><\/li><li><code>word<\/code><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-378942c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"378942c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1134a5\" data-id=\"b1134a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e90e624 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e90e624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ void<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-98c5f0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"98c5f0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc380d7\" data-id=\"cc380d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d007cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d007cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typ danych <i>void <\/i>okre\u015bla <b>pusty zestaw warto\u015bci<\/b> i jest u\u017cywany tylko do deklarowania funkcji. Jest u\u017cywany jako typ zwracany dla funkcji, kt\u00f3re nie zwracaj\u0105 \u017cadnej warto\u015bci. Rozwa\u017cmy poni\u017cszy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>int a = 5;  <\/code><\/li><li><code>void setup( )  <\/code><\/li><li><code>{  <\/code><\/li><li><code>.   \/\/  <\/code><\/li><li><code>}  <\/code><\/li><li><code>void loop ( )      <\/code><\/li><li><code>{  <\/code><\/li><li><code>.  <\/code><\/li><li><code>.  <\/code><\/li><li><code>}  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4193007 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4193007\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f2d1b0\" data-id=\"4f2d1b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46a7afd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46a7afd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ int<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a66cb17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a66cb17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7632272\" data-id=\"7632272\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e1af97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e1af97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typy danych <i>int<\/i> <b>obejmuje liczby ca\u0142kowite<\/b>, takie jak np. 1, 27, 39, -11, -27, -46 itd. <b>Nie maj\u0105 one cz\u0119\u015bci u\u0142amkowej<\/b> (mantysy). Typy danych ca\u0142kowitych, jest uwa\u017cany za podstawowy typ danych do przechowywania liczb. Rozmiar danych typu <i>int<\/i> wynosi dwa bajty (16 bit\u00f3w). Zakres danych typu <i>int<\/i> obejmuje liczby z przedzia\u0142u od -32768 to 32767 lub w zapisie pot\u0119gowym od &#8211; (2<sup>15<\/sup>) do ((2<sup>15<\/sup>) &#8211; 1).\u00a0<\/p><p>W mikrokontrolerach AVR ATmega i p\u0142ytce <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/arduino-seria-podstawowa-oryginalne-plytki\/1060-arduino-uno-rev3-a000066-8058333490090.html\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Arduino UNO R3<\/a>, typ danych <i>int<\/i> przechowuje warto\u015bci o rozmiarze do dw\u00f3ch bajt\u00f3w. Natomiast w przypadku p\u0142ytek <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/arduino-seria-podstawowa-oryginalne-plytki\/20289-arduino-zero-abx00003-7630049200586.html\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Arduino Zero<\/a> i Arduino MKR1000 opartych na mikrokontrolerze SAMD21 oraz Arduino Due, typ danych int przechowuje warto\u015bci od 4 do 32 bit\u00f3w. Wobec tego, minimalny zakres obejmuje liczby z przedzia\u0142u od -(2<sup>31<\/sup>) do ((2<sup>31<\/sup>)-1) lub zapisuj\u0105c inaczej, od -2147483648 do 2147483647. Liczby ujemne s\u0105 natomiast przechowywane w postaci pot\u0119g liczby 2 o wyk\u0142adniku naturalnym. Warto\u015b\u0107 najwy\u017cej po\u0142o\u017conego bitu (MSB), okre\u015bla znak liczby. Rozwa\u017cmy poni\u017cszy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>int var = val;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej<\/p><p>Przyk\u0142adowo,<\/p><ol><li><code>int a;  <\/code><\/li><li><code>int b = 4;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>Jakakolwiek <b>zmienna lub identyfikator zmiennej staj\u0105 si\u0119 zmienn\u0105 ca\u0142kowit\u0105<\/b> i mo\u017ce przechowywa\u0107 <b>tylko liczby ca\u0142kowite<\/b>. Rozwa\u017cmy poni\u017cszy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>int Suma = 0;  <\/code><\/li><li><code>void setup( )  <\/code><\/li><li><code>{  <\/code><\/li><li><code>Serial.begin(9600);  <\/code><\/li><li><code>}  <\/code><\/li><li><code>void loop ( )  <\/code><\/li><li><code>{  <\/code><\/li><li><code>Suma++;  \/\/przy kazdym okrazeniu petli, suma jest zwiekszana o 1<\/code><\/li><li><code>Serial.println (Suma);  \/\/wyswietlanie obecnego wyniku sumy <\/code><\/li><li><code>delay(2000);  \/\/nastepne okrazenie petli za 2s<\/code><\/li><li><code>}  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9520e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9520e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1dc2c2\" data-id=\"d1dc2c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1ef631 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d1ef631\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ char<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-720a465 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"720a465\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc3fc7\" data-id=\"9dc3fc7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef07b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef07b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typ danych <i>char<\/i> <b>mo\u017ce przechowywa\u0107 dowoln\u0105 liczb\u0119 zestaw\u00f3w znak\u00f3w<\/b>. Identyfikator zadeklarowany jako <i>char<\/i> <b>staje si\u0119 zmienn\u0105 znakow\u0105<\/b>. Litera\u0142y pisane s\u0105 w jednym cudzys\u0142owie. Cz\u0119sto m\u00f3wi si\u0119, \u017ce typ <i>char<\/i> jest typem ca\u0142kowitym. Dzieje si\u0119 tak dlatego, \u017ce symbole, litery itp. s\u0105 reprezentowane w pami\u0119ci przez powi\u0105zane kody liczbowe i s\u0105 to tylko i wy\u0142\u0105cznie liczby ca\u0142kowite. Rozmiar typu danych char to minimum osiem bit\u00f3w. Mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 typu danych <i>byte<\/i> dla typu danych jak <i>unsigned char<\/i> o d\u0142ugo\u015bci 8 bit\u00f3w lub jednego bajtu. Na przyk\u0142ad, litera \u2018A&#8217; wed\u0142ug kodowania ASCII ma przypisan\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 liczbow\u0105 65. Z tego wzgl\u0119du, je\u015bli wprowadzimy wyra\u017cenie \u2018A\u2019 + 2, wed\u0142ug standardu ASCII b\u0119dzie mia\u0142o ono warto\u015b\u0107 67. Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>char var = val;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej<\/p><p>Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>char mojazmienna = ' B ';  <\/code><\/li><li><code>char mojazmienna = 66 ;  \/\/ obie wartosci sa rowne sobie  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e521bdd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e521bdd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-290b724\" data-id=\"290b724\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c9aeef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c9aeef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ float<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d17233 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d17233\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd09c39\" data-id=\"bd09c39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cce3b2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cce3b2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liczba <b>zawieraj\u0105ca cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 u\u0142amkow\u0105 i cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 ca\u0142kowit\u0105<\/b>, jest uwa\u017cana za liczb\u0119 zmiennoprzecinkow\u0105. Na przyk\u0142ad 3.142 jest liczb\u0105 zmiennoprzecinkow\u0105. Liczba 14 jest liczb\u0105 ca\u0142kowit\u0105, a 14.0 jest liczb\u0105 zmiennoprzecinkow\u0105. Ze wzgl\u0119du na wi\u0119ksz\u0105 rozdzielczo\u015b\u0107, liczby u\u0142amkowe s\u0105 u\u017cywane do przybli\u017cania warto\u015bci ci\u0105g\u0142ych i analogowych (np. przy pomiarze napi\u0119\u0107 elektrycznych za pomoc\u0105 przetwornika ADC wbudowanego w mikrokontroler). Liczby zmiennoprzecinkowe mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c zapisa\u0107 w postaci wyk\u0142adnika. Liczby mog\u0105 by\u0107 tak du\u017ce jak 3.4028235E+38 i tak ma\u0142e jak -3.4028235E+38. Zatem rozmiar typu danych <i>float<\/i>, wynosi 4 bajty lub 32 bity.<\/p><p>Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>float var = val;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej var<\/p><p>Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>int x ;  <\/code><\/li><li><code>int y ;  <\/code><\/li><li><code>float z ;  <\/code><\/li><li><code>void setup ( )  <\/code><\/li><li><code>{  <\/code><\/li><li><code>Serial.begin (9600);  <\/code><\/li><li><code>}  <\/code><\/li><li><code>void loop ( )  <\/code><\/li><li><code>{  <\/code><\/li><li><code>x = 3 ;  <\/code><\/li><li><code>y = x\/2 ;  \/\/ y jest zmienna typu int i nie moze przechowywac ulamkow wiec zwroci 1  <\/code><\/li><li><code>z = (float) x \/ 2.0 ;  \/\/ z przechowuje wartosc 1.5 bo jest typu float  <\/code><\/li><li><code>\/\/ to oznacza, ze musimy uzyc dzielenia przez 2.0 zamiat 2<\/code><\/li><li><code>}<\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Z powy\u017cszego kodu wynika, \u017ce nawet je\u015bli do oblicze\u0144 zmiennoprzecinkowych u\u017cywamy liczb ca\u0142kowitych, <b>nale\u017cy dopisywa\u0107 po nich kropk\u0119 dziesi\u0119tn\u0105 oraz zero<\/b>. W innym przypadku, kompilator zrozumie, \u017ce u\u017cyli\u015bmy liczby ca\u0142kowitej i b\u0119dzie zwraca\u0142 warto\u015bci ca\u0142kowite. Liczby zmiennoprzecinkowe <b>mo\u017cna tak\u017ce przekonwertowa\u0107<\/b> do postaci ca\u0142kowitej. Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>float a =4.7 ;  <\/code><\/li><li><code>int b = a + 0.5 ; \/\/ program zwraca wartosc 5 <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6fdbe1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e6fdbe1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81570b5\" data-id=\"81570b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f19d9cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f19d9cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ double<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a7713e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a7713e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b9e0ae9\" data-id=\"b9e0ae9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1827db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1827db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typ danych\u00a0<i>double<\/i>\u00a0jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c u\u017cywany do obs\u0142ugi liczb dziesi\u0119tnych lub zmiennoprzecinkowych.\u00a0<b>Zajmuje dwa razy wi\u0119cej pami\u0119ci<\/b>\u00a0ni\u017c typ\u00a0<i>float<\/i>. Przechowuje liczby zmiennoprzecinkowe\u00a0<b>z wi\u0119ksz\u0105 precyzj\u0105 i zakresem<\/b>. Typ\u00a0<i>double<\/i>\u00a0oznacza liczby zmiennoprzecinkowe podw\u00f3jnej precyzji i zajmuje cztery bajty na p\u0142ytach ATmega i UNO oraz 8 bajt\u00f3w na Arduino Due. Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>double var = val;<\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej var<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-635c5e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"635c5e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c33090\" data-id=\"1c33090\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71d2ecb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71d2ecb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ unsigned int<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a9e3245 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a9e3245\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d11ae0\" data-id=\"5d11ae0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7752d75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7752d75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typ <i>unsigned int<\/i> przechowuje warto\u015b\u0107 do dw\u00f3ch bajt\u00f3w lub 16 bit\u00f3w. Przechowuje <b>tylko warto\u015bci dodatnie<\/b>. Zakres typu danych <i>unsigned int<\/i> wynosi od 0 do 65 535 lub od 0 do ((2<sup>16<\/sup>) &#8211; 1). Arduino Due przechowuje warto\u015b\u0107 danych bez znaku wynosz\u0105c\u0105 4 bajty lub 32 bity. R\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy typem danych bez znaku i ze znakiem to bit znaku. W 16-bitowej liczbie, 15 bit\u00f3w jest interpretowanych z uzupe\u0142nieniem do dw\u00f3jek, podczas gdy <b>najwy\u017cszy bit jest interpretowany jako liczba dodatnia lub ujemna<\/b>. Je\u015bli starszy bit to \u201e1\u201d, jest uwa\u017cany za liczb\u0119 ujemn\u0105. Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>unsigned int var = val;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej var<\/p><p>Przyk\u0142adowo:<\/p><ol><li><code>unsigned int pinLED = 3;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8593b9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8593b9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4d27a2\" data-id=\"e4d27a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ce03a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ce03a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ short<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37795fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"37795fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9fb9ba\" data-id=\"a9fb9ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d96ef6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d96ef6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i> Short<\/i> to typ danych ca\u0142kowitych, kt\u00f3ry <b>przechowuje dwa bajty lub 16-bitowe dane<\/b>.<\/p><p>Zakres typu zmiennej <i>short<\/i> wynosi od -32768 do 32767 lub &#8211; (2<sup>15<\/sup>) do ((2<sup>15<\/sup>) &#8211; 1). Arduino oparte na mikrokontrolerach ARM i ATmega zwykle przechowuje warto\u015b\u0107 danych typu <i>short<\/i> na dw\u00f3ch bajtach. Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>short var = val;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej var<\/p><p>Przyk\u0142adowo:<\/p><ol><li><code>short pinLED = 3;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13b8f40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13b8f40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5bc6ed1\" data-id=\"5bc6ed1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b16ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d0b16ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ long<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bf7d496 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bf7d496\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09b5d8c\" data-id=\"09b5d8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e03954 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e03954\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typ danych <i>long<\/i> jest uwa\u017cany za <b>zmienne o rozszerzonym rozmiarze<\/b>, kt\u00f3re przechowuj\u0105 cztery bajty (32-bity). Rozmiar danych typu <i>long <\/i>obejmuje zakres od -2147483648 do 2147483647. U\u017cywaj\u0105c liczb ca\u0142kowitych, po co najmniej jednej z liczb, powinna wyst\u0119powa\u0107 litera L, co wymusza, aby liczba by\u0142a typem danych <i>long<\/i>. Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>long var = val;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej var<\/p><p>Przyk\u0142adowo:<\/p><ol><li><code>long speed = 186000L;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19d19b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19d19b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb2f851\" data-id=\"eb2f851\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0be5268 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0be5268\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ unsigned long<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5853128 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5853128\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbbe235\" data-id=\"fbbe235\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dd7631 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2dd7631\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typy danych typu <i>unsigned long<\/i> s\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c uwa\u017cane za <b>zmienne o rozszerzonym rozmiarze<\/b>, kt\u00f3re przechowuj\u0105 4 bajty (32-bity).Ten typ jednak <b>nie przechowuje liczb ujemnych<\/b>, jak inne typy danych bez znaku, co sprawia, \u017ce ich rozmiar mie\u015bci si\u0119 w zakresie od 0 do 4 294 967 295 lub (2^32 &#8211; 1). Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/p><ol><li><code>unsigned long var = val;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej var<\/p><p>Przyk\u0142adowo:<\/p><ol><li><code>unsigned long czas;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94e749c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94e749c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bbec460\" data-id=\"bbec460\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-139a77c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"139a77c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ byte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4ebe65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f4ebe65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc71105\" data-id=\"cc71105\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e28e1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e28e1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i> Byte <\/i>jest rodzajem danych typu <i>unsigned<\/i>, kt\u00f3ry <b>przechowuje warto\u015bci z przedzia\u0142u od 0 do 255<\/b>.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/span><\/p><ol><li><pre>byte var = val;<\/pre><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej var<\/p><p>Przyk\u0142adowo:<\/p><ol><li><code>byte x = 22;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e180074 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e180074\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2306c33\" data-id=\"2306c33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-303c90a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"303c90a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typ word<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8415834 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8415834\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a718e\" data-id=\"c1a718e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d8462e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d8462e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Typ <i>word<\/i> <b>dotyczy liczb nieujemnych rozpisanych na szesnastu bitach lub dw\u00f3ch bajtach<\/b> i zawiera si\u0119 w przedziale od 0 do 65535. Rozwa\u017cmy kod:<\/span><\/p><ol><li><code>word var = val;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol><p>gdzie:<\/p><p>var = zmienna<\/p><p>val = warto\u015b\u0107 przypisana do zmiennej var<\/p><p>Przyk\u0142adowo:<\/p><ol><li><code>word d = 5000;  <\/code><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zmienne w programowaniu to jedne z najwa\u017cniejszych element\u00f3w stanowi\u0105cych o kodzie programu. Dotyczy to tak\u017ce programowania na platformie Arduino.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":62696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,136],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arduino","category-ciekawostki"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jakie rodzaje zmiennych mamy w Arduino? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zmienne stanowi\u0105 kluczowy element kodu prawie ka\u017cdego programu na Arduino - odwied\u017a blog Botland i poznaj tajniki dotycz\u0105ce zmiennych stosowanych w programowaniu w \u015brodowisku Arduino IDE!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/jakie-rodzaje-zmiennych-w-arduino-mamy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jakie rodzaje zmiennych mamy w Arduino? 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